One boar at 10 pence, nine sows at 45 and 90 piglets at 45 make 100 pence and 100 pigs. Put the two totals together and they come down to 19 times the boars plus 9 times the sows making 100, which only one boar and nine sows can do.
A man has 100 pence to buy exactly 100 pigs. Boars cost 10 pence each, sows 5 pence each, and piglets are two for a penny. He wants at least one of each. How many of each does he buy?
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Piglets are so cheap that most of the hundred will be piglets.
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One boar, nine sows and 90 piglets
Source: Attributed to Alcuin of York, Propositiones ad Acuendos Juvenes, Proposition 5, c. 800